The role of affirmative action in society Research Paper

The job of governmental policy regarding minorities in society in the public eye - Research Paper Example The primary explanation this point has been picked is that we live in exceptionally differing social orders and are confronted with a wide scope of individuals each and every day. With the expanding change of jobs of family units and the expanding downturns set up, there is an unmistakable need to comprehend inside and out the means that are taken to emphatically speak to the ladies and minorities. Body: Impact of Affirmative Action on Society Considering the recipients of the Affirmative Action it is clear that the reason is honorable. Truly, the facts confirm that the law was presented and gone for the wellbeing and need of numerous individuals out of luck. Anyway considering the individuals in question and the measure of harm that it has on the general public, there have been various questions that have surfaced. The law has additionally worked up various inquiries and has developed various questions about the precision of the law. Kate Johns has in a viable way clarified the equi valent. She clarifies the instance of Martin Luther King who had concentrated on what the individual is worth as far as abilities, conduct and execution instead of on the shade of the skin. As cited by Johns, â€Å"Don't judge a man by the shade of his skin, yet by the substance of his character† (Johns). ... ople are really being decided by their skin shading and being place in employments and higher spots of learning because of their skin shading, and their ethnic background† (Johns). This is the idea there a few white survivors of governmental policy regarding minorities in society and those from dominant part bunches currently allude to as opposite segregation. Most governmental policy regarding minorities in society arrangements have consistently worked on the presumption of that the gathering that is forced to bear the strategies is at a preferred position. There are individuals from this gathering who are not really under such conditions. It is difficult to accept yet there are scientists who have contended that these arrangements, including those that are established on racial standards, targets and objectives now and again seriously affect the dominant part race as well. Recently, there have been a few cases of white men grumbling of decreased open doors because of governme ntal policy regarding minorities in society arrangements that favor ladies and in view of those that favor the minority races. This marvel passes by a few names and has been utilized by various gatherings that censure the methods of reasoning on which governmental policy regarding minorities in society arrangements have been established. While at the underlying stages, the governmental policy regarding minorities in society approaches or systems work in a positive manner. This is on the grounds that at this stage, they present the terms and characterize the limits for which to sell the idea and thought of sexual orientation and racial inclinations, objectives and targets. In any case, they eventually blow some people's minds and begin gnawing the class of individuals who had been accepted to be emphatically ensured or supported by the framework. It is basic to take note of that effect of the governmental policy regarding minorities in society isn't totally negative in the public eye and the real intension of the law is plainly a decent one. As clarified by Mitchell W. Pearlman and Gregory Daniels, Affirmative activity

T-test and Correlation Statistics Project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

T-test and Correlation - Statistics Project Example This paper will examine distinction in the rate utilization of relational words recorded as a hard copy among local and non local speaker of English in their writings. For this, 10 writings composed by a local speaker of English and another 10 writings composed by a non-local speaker of English (Arab essayist) in the utilization (level) of relational words were gathered (table 1). The exploration speculation is â€Å"Is there a distinction in the utilization of relational words recorded as a hard copy among local and non local speaker of English?† The invalid and substitute speculations are H0:â µnative =  µnon-local H1:â µnative ≠ µnon-local The chose degree of importance, ÃŽ ± is 0.05. The test chose is two-followed t-test for autonomous examples (Independent Samples Test) since exchange theory includes not equivalent to sign (≠). The normal rate utilization of relational words recorded as a hard copy for non-local speaker of English in their content is 38.50 (SD = 6.35). The normal rate utilization of relational words recorded as a hard copy for local speaker of English in their content is 38.30 (SD = 4.64). From figure 1, apparently there is no distinction in the utilization of relational words recorded as a hard copy among local and non-local speaker of English. The Levene’s test for equity of fluctuation isn't noteworthy, F(1, 18) = 1.90, p = .19 (>.05). In this way, equivalent change can be expected for t-test. The invalid theory H0 is held. Consequently, there is no distinction in the utilization of relational words recorded as a hard copy among local and non local speaker of English, t(18) = 0.08, p = .94 (>.05). The two informational collection (informational collection 1 and informational index 2) shows no relationship, r(8) = .06, p = .87 (>.05). Taking everything into account, information recommend that there is no distinction in the use of relational words recorded as a hard copy among local and non local speaker of English.

M.C. Escher :: essays research papers

The Dutch craftsman Maurits C. Escher (1898-1972) was an artist, book artist, woven artwork planner, and muralist, however his essential work was as a printmaker. Conceived in Leeuwarden, Holland, the child of a structural designer, Escher burned through the vast majority of his youth in Arnhem. Seeking to be a modeler, Escher took on the School for Architecture and Decorative Arts in Harlem. While concentrating there from 1919 to 1922, his accentuation moved from design to drawing and printmaking upon the consolation of his educator Samuel Jessurun de Mesquita. In 1924 Escher wedded Jetta Umiker, and the couple settled in Rome to raise a family. They lived in Italy until 1935, when developing political strife constrained them to move first to Switzerland, at that point to Belgium. In 1941, with World War II under way and German soldiers involving Brussels, Escher came back to Holland and settled in Baarn, where he lived and worked until right away before his demise. The primary subjects of Escher's initial workmanship are Rome and the Italian open country. While living in Italy from 1922 to 1935, he spent the spring and summer months going all through the nation to make drawings. Afterward, in his studio in Rome, Escher formed these into prints. In the case of delineating the twisting streets of the Italian open country, the thick design of little slope towns, or subtleties of enormous structures in Rome, Escher regularly made puzzling spatial impacts by consolidating different - frequently clashing - vantage focuses, for example, gazing upward and down simultaneously. He often made such impacts progressively sensational through his treatment of light, utilizing clear differences of high contrast. After Escher left Italy in 1935, his advantage moved from scene to something he depicted as "mental imagery," regularly dependent on hypothetical premises. The rich tile work decorating the Moorish engineering proposed new headings in the utilization of shading and the leveled designing of interlocking structures. Supplanting the theoretical examples of Moorish tiles with unmistakable figures, in the late 1930s Escher created "the ordinary division of the plane." The craftsman additionally utilized this idea in making his Metamorphosis prints. Beginning during the 1920s, the possibility of "metamorphosis" - one shape or item transforming into something totally unique - got one of Escher's preferred subjects. After 1935, Escher likewise progressively investigated complex building labyrinths including point of view games and the portrayal of unthinkable spaces.

Children of parents who misuse alcohol

Offspring of guardians who abuse liquor Offspring Of Parents Who Misuse Alcohol Or Substances Presentation It is evaluated that there are somewhere in the range of 200,000 and 300,000 youngsters in England and Wales where one or the two guardians have genuine medication issues. Research and nearby information have indicated that substance and liquor abuse in guardians or pregnant ladies can significantly affect child rearing and increment hazard, particularly for babies and more youthful youngsters (Hidden damage 2003). This doesn't imply that guardians who experience substance/liquor abuse are poor guardians. Anyway the effect of substance abuse issues can, on certain events lead to kids and families requiring extra help; or in few cases support and multi organization disciplinary activity to forestall huge mischief. The best evaluation and bolster comes through great data sharing, joint appraisal of need, joint arranging, proficient trust inside the interagency system and joint activity in organization with families. These rules apply at whatever point there are proficient worries about the prosperity or security of kids whose guardians or carers have substance/liquor abuse issues, explicitly where these challenges are affecting, or are probably going to affect, on their capacity to address the issues of their kids. These rules additionally apply to experts working with pregnant ladies who have substance/liquor abuse issues, where their accomplices are known to have substance/liquor issues or where somebody with substance abuse issues is living in a family where kids are available. Points 2.1. To expand the professional’s comprehension of the effect of an adult’s substance abuse issues on children’s lives. 2.2. To empower all inclusive and authority administrations to improve their recognizable proof of youngsters in need where grown-up substance/liquor abuse is an issue 2.3. To improve the arrangement of co-ordinated administrations to families in which there are dependant offspring of guardians, carers or pregnant ladies with substance/liquor abuse issues. Standards 3.1. Each one of the individuals who come into contact with youngsters, their folks and families in their regular work have an obligation to shield and advance the government assistance of kids. 3.2. Guardians, carers and pregnant ladies with substance/liquor abuse issues reserve the option to be upheld in satisfying their parental jobs and obligations. 3.3. A multi organization way to deal with appraisal and administration arrangement is to the greatest advantage of youngsters and their folks/carers. 3.4. Hazard is diminished when data is shared adequately across offices. 3.5. Hazard to kids is decreased through viable multi organization and multi disciplinary working. 3.6. While numerous guardians, carers and pregnant ladies with substance/liquor misuse issues shield their children’s prosperity, children’s life chances might be restricted or undermined because of these elements, and experts need to think about this chance. Distinguishing The Need Of Children, Their Parents Or Carers, Or Pregnant Women With Substance/Alcohol Misuse Problems 4.1. The introduction of any new youngster changes connections and frequently carries new weights to guardians. Organizations should be touchy and receptive to the changing needs of guardians with substance/liquor abuse issues. 4.2. Guardians, carers or pregnant ladies with substance/liquor abuse issues may experience issues which sway on their capacity to address the issues of their youngsters, unborn kid or new child. 4.3. The unfavorable impacts of liquor/substance abuse on youngsters are normally various and total and will fluctuate as per the child’s phase of improvement. They may incorporate fetal liquor condition, inability to flourish, blood-borne infection contaminations; deficient inoculation and in any case insufficient social insurance; a wide scope of enthusiastic, intellectual, conduct and other mental issues; early substance abuse and culpable conduct; and poor instruction fulfillment. These can run extraordinarily in seriousness or may regularly be unpretentious and hard to identify. 4.4. There is developing proof to propose that youngsters frequently take on a mindful job in families where there is parental medication or liquor use. Now and again, it is especially difficult for youngsters to adapt to at least one guardians with medication or liquor reliance and they need assistance and backing. 4.5. The danger of damage to the youngster might be diminished by powerful treatment and backing for the influenced parent(s) and by different factors, for example, the nearness of in any event one other steady, caring grown-up; a steady home with satisfactory money related assets; upkeep of family schedules and exercises; and standard participation at a strong school. Rules For Referral And Assessment For Pregnant Women With Substance/Alcohol Misuse Problems 5.1 All organizations are liable for recognizing pregnant ladies with substance/liquor abuse issues who might be needing extra administrations and backing. 5.2. At the point when an expert distinguishes a pregnant ladies encountering substance/liquor abuse issues an evaluation must be embraced to figure out what administrations she requires. This must incorporate get-together important data from her GP, PDAC, the Midwifery administration, notwithstanding some other organizations required, to guarantee that the full foundation is gotten about any current or past conclusion, or treatment for psychological instability. 5.3. Thought must be given to the effect and damage proceeded with substance abuse has on an unborn kid. Where this appraisal distinguishes that a pregnant lady has substance/liquor abuse issues a referral must be made to Powys Children’s administrations for a pre-birth evaluation. 5.4. Where the requirement for a referral is indistinct, this must be examined with a line chief or the Safeguarding Children’s Team. On the off chance that a referral isn't caused this must to be obviously reported. Staff ought to guarantee that all choices and the concurred strategy are marked and dated. Area 10 gives rules comparable to evaluation of hazard. 5.5. A pre-birth appraisal ought to be embraced on all pre birth referrals and a multi office meeting held to share data. In the event that a pre-birth multi organization meeting isn't required this must be embraced by a director and the explanation behind the choice unmistakably recorded on the agency’s records. Direction For Referral To Pdac 6.1. On account of pregnant ladies where there is proof of dangerous utilization of illegal, exclusive or recommended medications or liquor, offices getting mindful of the proof ought to at first examine the advantages of a referral to PDAC with the person. In the event that there is understanding referral should, at that point be made to the fitting territory office of PDAC. This referral might be made at first by telephone, however ought to be lined up quickly with a composed referral. If the lady is now a customer of PDAC it is proper to affirm that the pregnancy is known to them. In case of a lady declining to consent to a referral being made it is the obligation of the office to think about whether as a referral can be made without assent on Child Protection grounds. This would should be topic of conversations between all the fitting organizations †Children’s Services, Police, Health and so forth. PDAC will consistently talk about the propriety of referral preceding conventional contact being made. Direction For Referral To Powys Children’s Services A referral for an underlying appraisal to Children’s administrations should consistently be made if a parent carer or pregnant lady is considered to have critical substance/liquor issues. A referral ought to be talked about with a line chief. NB If a kid is in impending peril then a referral to the police/social administrations ought to be made. Association Working Appraisal and distinguishing proof of guardians, carers and children’s requirements for administrations is certainly not a static procedure. The appraisal ought to likewise illuminate future work and work in an assessment of the advancement and viability of any mediation. Where more than one office keeps on being associated with a joint evaluation or arrangement of administrations for guardians or carers with substance abuse issues, and their youngsters, standard audit dates must be set to together survey the circumstance and to guarantee that interagency work keeps on being co-ordinated. Every organization should record their own activities and duties unmistakably and furthermore the jobs and obligations of different offices. References All Wales Child Protection Procedures Youngsters Act 1989 Youngsters Act 2004 DOH (2000). System for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families. Concealed Harm (ACMD) 2003 Reference section A Rules For Professionals For Assessing Risk When Working With Drug Using Parents The accompanying evaluation rules were created by the Standing Conference on Drug Abuse (SCODA) [May 1997] to help experts in recognizing kids who might be out of luck or in danger because of parental substance/liquor abuse. They ought to be utilized as rules in the all encompassing evaluation of the family. Parental Drug Use 1. Is there a medication free parent, strong accomplice or relative? 2. Is the medication use by the parent Experimental? Recreational? Tumultuous? Subordinate? 3. Does the client move between classifications at various occasions? Does the medication use likewise include liquor? 4. Are levels of childcare diverse when a parent is utilizing drugs and when not utilizing? 5. Is there any proof of concurrence of psychological wellness issues nearby the medication use? On the off chance that there is, do the medications cause these issues, or have these issues prompted the medication use? Settlement And The Home Environment 6. Is the settlement sufficient for youngsters? 7. Are the guardians guaranteeing that the lease and bills are paid? 8. Does the family stay in one region or move as often as possible, if the last mentioned, why? 9. Are other medication clients sharing the settlement? On the off chance that the

Drugs and athletes Essay Example For Students

Medications and competitors Essay In numerous schools competitors are required to sign an agreement so as to play sports. The agreements incorporate of numerous standards and guidelines that forbid exercises that will imperil the competitors execution. The utilization of medications and liquor are carefully illegal. Vandalism and different activities that would bring about an unlawful happenings is likewise prohibited. The principle issue with the agreements is that the understudies dont consistently obey them. Numerous competitors will in any case go out and gathering and drink and smoke and get into different exercises that will hurt their psyches and bodies. Energizers are drugs that animate the focal sensory system and produce an expansion in readiness and action. They incorporate caffeine, cocaine, and the amphetamines. The amphetamines are made out of three firmly related medications that invigorate the focal sensory system and advance a sentiment of readiness and an expansion in discourse and general physical action. A few people consume these medications under clinical watch to control their craving, yet a large number of these medications are utilized at gatherings to get high. Abuse and misuse have been related with the entirety of the energizer drugs, yet hazards are the best with the amphetamines and cocaine. Opiates are drugs that assuage torment and regularly initiate rest. Opiates incorporate opium and medications got from opium, for example, morphine, codeine, and heroin. Opiates likewise incorporate certain manufactured synthetic compounds that have a morphine-like activity, for example, methadone. A large portion of these medications will leave an enduring impact for all the more then one day. Like an aftereffect from liquor, these medications will make you incredibly worn out or even debilitated the following day. Medications are precluded by athletic offices since they modify your presentation. On the off chance that a competitor utilizes one of these medications they can have enduring impact on them at some point during a game or at training. All medications are unlawful, and by competitors utilizing them they set a terrible model. Numerous more youthful understudies admire the star competitors in a school and in the event that they use tranquilizes that is certifiably not a decent impression to make. Schools do have disciplines for competitors found abusing the agreement yet more often than not they arent sufficiently cruel. Medications are an intense issue in all understudies lives, yet in the event that competitors use them they can have a surprisingly more terrible impact. They could even imperil potential grants that a competitor could accomplish. Medications in any shape or structure have soo a lot of a seriouseffect of the body that noone ought to try and need to do them and on the off chance that they do theyre just squandering their own lives away. List of sources:

Dangers of the Instagram Teatox Culture

Dangers of the Instagram Teatox Culture Eating Disorders Awareness and Prevention Print Dangers of the Instagram Teatox Culture By Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, CEDS facebook twitter linkedin Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, is a certified eating disorders expert and clinical psychologist who provides cognitive behavioral psychotherapy. Learn about our editorial policy Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, CEDS Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 18, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on July 27, 2019 Jasmin Awad / EyeEm / Getty Images More in Eating Disorders Awareness and Prevention Symptoms Treatment Diagnosis The search for the magic weight-loss solution has been around for a long time in many incarnations. One current version is the Instagram “teatox craze,” which is a nutrition and cleansing program that involves drinking special teas that often contain ingredients that sound harmless but are not. These teas, which are heavily marketed on Instagram, are particularly seductive to individuals with eating disorders who may be easily susceptible to their marketing claims and may abuse them. Instagram is replete with brands of such “slimming” or “skinny” teas hawked by Instagram celebrities. The teas claim to offer help with weight loss, fat burning, increased energy, reduced bloating, and detoxification. However, there is no published research to support these claims. According to one former tea user, “many of the posts include popular Instagram makeup artists, models, and fitness stars posing with their tea -- these are almost always paid sponsorships, especially if they are promoting their own discount code.” Senna as the Active Ingredient A common regimen is a diuretic tea in the morning and a laxative tea in the evening. The active ingredient in most of the laxative teas is senna, a powerful herb that stimulates the bowels and causes a laxative effect. As with all laxative use, any weight loss produced from using these teas is usually due to the body fluids lost when senna activates the colon. Once more food is ingested, the weight is typically regained. Teas Are Unregulated Because they are herbal teas, they are often perceived as benign. However, like most other dietary supplements, the herbal teas are unregulated and can be dangerous. Side effects from use can include headaches, nausea, abdominal cramping, dizziness, and dehydration. Furthermore, when taken in large doses or longer than recommended, they can have additional adverse effects. According to the US National Institutes of Health, longer use of senna can cause the bowels to stop functioning normally and might cause dependence on laxatives. Chronic abuse may be associated with serious manifestations, including fluid and electrolyte loss, liver and kidney damage, heart disease, and colon damage. Laxative Abuse Social media has the ability to potentiate the spread of such remedies, glamorizing them, hyping supposed benefits and omitting the context of the dangers they pose. An article on Fader describes Instagram as “a booming hotbed for snake oil of all kinds. The people I’ve spotted selling tea also promote other dubious products, like waist trainers and designer knockoff shoes. They do this for money, and, for upstart brands,  it works.”  Said a former teatox user,   “The teas certainly mean well, but like I said, its probably the first taste of laxative use for many women trying to ‘lose weight.’ [It is a] slippery slope, and I often wonder how many of these sponsors actually use the teas. Its very easy to develop an emotional/psychological dependence on these ‘teatoxes,’ especially if youre prone to disordered eating. While instructions may say to use the cleanse tea every other night and to steep it for only a particular amount of time, the seductive feeling of a flat stomach in the morning can drive you to ignore those instructions and use it nightly with a stronger tea. Whats more, I had periods where I felt I couldnt go on a trip or attend a big event unless I used the cleanse tea beforehand. It became an anxiety reliever, even though it was making me feel sick. I didnt feel I was at my ‘best’ unless I used a teatox to drop as much water and physical weight as I could.”   Laxative abuse among the general population occurs in four percent of the general population. The percentage of patients with bulimia nervosa who report laxative abuse ranges from 18% to 75%. Research shows that individuals with anorexia nervosa, binge-eating/purging type, and other specified feeding and eating disorder also often abuse laxatives. Use of teatox is merely laxative abuse by another name.

GMAT Tip of the Week 6 Reasons That Your Test Day Wont Be A Labor Day

As the northern hemisphere drifts toward autumn, two events have become just about synonymous: Labor Day and Back to School. If youre spending this Labor Day weekend getting yourself ready to go back to graduate school, you may well labor over GMAT study materials in between barbecues and college football games. And if you do, make sure you heed this wisdom: GMAT test day should not be Labor Day! What does that mean? On a timed test like the GMAT, one of the biggest drains on your score can be a combination of undue time and undue energy spent on problems that could be done much simpler. The long way is the wrong way as a famous GMAT instructor puts it those seconds you waste, those extra steps that could lead to error or distraction, theyll add up over the test and pull your score much lower than youd like it to be. With that in mind, here are six ways to help you avoid too much labor on test day: QUANTITATIVE SECTION 1) Do the math in your order, only when necessary. Because the GMAT doesnt allow a calculator, it heavily rewards candidates who can find efficient ways to avoid the kind of math for which youd need a calculator. Very frequently this means that the GMAT will tempt you with calculations that youd ordinarily just plug-and-chug with a calculator, but that can be horribly time-consuming once you start. For example, a question might require you to take an initial number like 15, then multiply by 51, then divide by 17. On a calculator or in Excel, youd do exactly that. But on the GMAT, that calculation gets messy. 15*51 = 765 a calculation that isnt awful but that will take most people a few steps and maybe 20 seconds. But then you have to do some long division with 17 going into 765. Or do you? If youre comfortable using factors, multiples, and reducing fractions, you can see those two steps (multiply by 51, divide by 17) as one: multiply by 51/17, and since 51/17 reduces to 3, then youre really just doing the calculation 15*3, which is easily 45. The lesson? For one, dont start doing ugly math until you absolutely know you have to perform that step. Save ugly math for later, because the GMAT is notorious for rescuing those who are patient enough to wait for future steps that will simplify the process. And, secondly, get really, really comfortable with factors and divisibility. Quickly recognizing how to break a number into its factors (51 = 3*17; 65 = 5*13; etc.) allows you to streamline calculations and do much of the GMAT math in your head. Getting to that level of comfort may take some labor, but it will save you plenty of workload on test day. 2) Recognize that Answers Are Assets. Another way to avoid or shortcut messy math is to look at the answer choices first. Some problems might look like they  involve messy algebra, but can be made much easier by plugging in answer choices and doing the simpler arithmetic. Other times, the answer choices will lead themselves to process of elimination, whether because some choices do not have the proper units digit, or are clearly too small. Still others will provide you with clues as to how you have to attack the math. For example, if the answer choices are something like: A) 0.0024; B) 0.0246; C) 0.246; D) 2.46; E) 24.6, theyre not really testing you on your ability to arrive at the digits 246, but rather on where the decimal point should go (how many times should that number be multiplied/divided by 10). You can then set your sights on the number of decimal places while not stressing other details of the calculation. Whatever you do, always scan the answer choices first to see if there are easier ways to do the problem than to simply slog through the math. The answers are assets theyre there for a reason, and often, theyll provide you with clues that will help you save valuable time. 3) Question the Question Know where the game is being played. Very often, particularly in Data Sufficiency, the GMAT Testmaker will subtly provide a clue as to whats really being tested. And those who recognize that can very quickly focus on what matters and not get lost in other elements of the problem. For example, if the question stem includes an inequality with zero (x 0 or xy 0), theres a very high likelihood that youre being tested on positive/negative number properties. So,  when a statement then says something like 1) x^3 = 1331, you can hold off on trying to take the cube root of 1331 and simply say, Odd exponent =  positive value, so I know that x is positive, and see if that helps you answer the question without much calculation. Or if the problem asks for the value of 6x y, you can say to yourself, I may not be able to solve for x and y individually, but if not, lets try to isolate exactly that 6x y term, and set up your algebra accordingly so that youre efficiently working toward that specific goal. Good test-takers tend to see where the game is being played by recognizing what the Testmaker is testing. When you can see that a question is about number properties (and not exact values) or a combination of values (and not the individual values themselves) or a comparison of values (again, not the actual values themselves), you can structure your work to directly attack the question and not fall victim to a slog of unnecessary calculations. VERBAL SECTION 4) Focus on keywords in Critical Reasoning conclusions. The Verbal section simply looks time-consuming because theres so much to read, so it pays to know where to spend your time and focus. The single most efficient place to spend time (and the most disastrous if you dont) is in the conclusion of a Strengthen or Weaken question. To your advantage, noticing a crucial detail in a conclusion can tell you exactly where the game is being played (Oh, its not how much iron, its iron PER CALORIE; its not that Company X needs to reduce costs overall, its that it needs to reduce SHIPPING costs; etc.) and help you quickly search for the answer choices that deal with that particular gap in logic. On the downside, if you dont spend time emphasizing the conclusion, youre in trouble burying a conclusion-limiting word or phrase (like per calorie or shipping) in a long paragraph can be like hiding a needle in a haystack. The Testmaker knows that the untrained are likely to miss these  details, and have created trap answers (and just the opportunity to waste time re-reading things that dont really matter) for those who fall in that group. 5) Scan the Sentence Correction answer choices before you dive into the sentence. Much like Answers are Assets above, a huge help on Sentence Correction problems is to scan the answer choices quickly to see if you can determine where the game is being played (Are they testing pronouns? Verb tenses?). Simply reading a sentence about a strange topic (old excavation sites, a kind of tree that only grows on the leeward slopes of certain mountains) and looking for anything that strikes you as odd or ungrammatical, that takes time and saps your focus and energy. However,  the GMAT primarily tests a handful of concepts over and over, so if you recognize what is being tested, you can read proactively and look  for the words/phrases that directly control that decision youre being asked to make. Do different answers have different verb tenses? Look for words that signal time (before, since, etc.). Do they involve different pronouns? Read to identify the noun in question and determine which pronoun it needs. Youre not really being tasked with editing the sentence as much as your job is to make the proper decision with the choices theyve already given you. Theyve already narrowed the scope of items you can edit, so identify that scope before you take out the red marking pen across the whole sentence. 6) STOP and avoid rereading. As the Veritas Prep Reading Comprehension lesson teaches, stop at the end of each paragraph of a reading passage to ask yourself whether you understand Scope, Tone, Organization, and Purpose. The top two time-killers on Reading Comprehension passages/problems are re-reading (you get to the end and realize you dont really know what you just read) and over-reading (you took several minutes absorbing a lot of details, but now the clock is ticking louder and you havent looked at the questions yet). STOP will help you avoid re-reading (if you werent locked in on the first paragraph, you can reread that in 30 seconds and not wait to the end to realize you need to reread the whole thing) and will give you a quick checklist of, Do I understand just enough to move on? Details are only important if youre asked about them, so focus on the major themes (Do you know what the paragraph was about a quick 5-7 word synopsis is perfect and why it was written? Good.) and save the details for later. It may seem ironic that the GMAT is set up to punish hard-workers, but in business, efficiency is everything the test needs to reward those who work smarter and not just harder, so an effective test day simply cannot be a Labor Day. Use this Labor Day weekend to study effectively so that test day is one on which you prioritize efficiency, not labor. Getting ready to take the GMAT? We have free online GMAT seminars running all the time. And as always, be sure to follow us on  Facebook, YouTube,  Google+  and Twitter! By Brian Galvin.

Organizational Behavior 4415 Managing in Virtual...

Organizational Behavior As the entire human race has crossed the threshold of twenty-first century, it has revolutionized numerous facets in the world of commerce. The progressions and developments have not only been witnessed in the economic, political, environmental and social sectors but the industrial segment has also come under its radical and deep impacts. This industrial boom as well as intensified globalization has resulted in universal trade that has emerged a need for the businesses to broaden and expand their functions to an international platform (Brunsson 2008). The means and approaches of communication have alleviated the cultural, social and political differences amongst the populations not only on national level but also on a universal platform. In this regard, one cannot ignore the reality that the technological advancements in business community has given rise to the fierce and intense competition to the businesses and organizations that produced the enterprises to focus on amplified productivity in order to live to the expectations and demands of the consumers. Indeed, the trends of the working conditions of the marketplace in the recent years have also depicted that challenges are being encountered by the companies in order to stay competitive in the market as well as generate profits for which the need of efficient and effectual working had become a fundamental necessity (Brunsson 2008). A corporation is made up of numerous departments that

The Value Of Cash Flow - 951 Words

a) Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) valuations aims to establish the value of operating business on a ’cash free/debt free’ basis and therefore it is normally undertaken using ungeared cash flows. The value of the business should remain the same regardless of its financial structure. In case that geared cash flow is used in an equity model valuation, it should be discounted at the cost of equity capital and not a weighted average cost of capital (WACC). This approach estimates the shareholders’ net returns after tax and debt servicing. The other reason why incorporating the interest payments is inappropriate is due to the fact that it leads to double counting the time value of money. This mistake is often realised by discounting positive the positive cash flow in one year and then incorporating interest on the same cash flow in income in the following year. b) Strengths †¢ DCF valuation can provide an estimate of intrinsic value of the business by capturing its underlying fundamentals including WACC, cost of equity and growth rate. The intrinsic value of the business provides an estimate of present value of cash flows that the company will pay its shareholders and therefore it should help investors to identify companies that are inexpensive compared to its peers. †¢ DCF relies on free cash flows which provide a reliable measure that mitigates the subjective accounting practices and often inaccurate estimates of reported earnings. 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This means ACC will finance money though equity and debt to buy AirThread and pay the debt by the cash flows or assets of AirThread. * In another word, it’s a highly levered transactionRead MoreDescribe How Value-Added Is Calculated. to What Extent Are Value Added, Cash Flow, and Profit Connected to a Company’s Sales Performance?1822 Words   |  8 PagesDescribe how value-added is calculated. To what extent are value added, cash flow, and profit connected to a company’s sales performance? Throughout this essay I will be exploring how value added is calculated and to what extent value added, cash flow and profit are connected to a company’s sales performance. 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Managers can get real option value by doing decisions on time and flexible about firm’s opportunities and capabilities. There are four main parts in the manager’s work box for investment valuation opportunities.  ¬ Net Present Values  ¬ Accounting rated of return  ¬ Real Options  ¬ Payback rules NPV implement require estimates of appropriate discount rate and expected cash flows. And there’s

Regression Analysis For A Dependence Method - 753 Words

Regarding the testing of the hypotheses of this research, regression analysis or structural equation modelling techniques is best suited for a dependence method (Hair et al., 2014). We employed regression analysis to specify the extent to which the independent variables predicted the dependent variable. The analysis conducted in this study was therefore intended to test the hypotheses of the study. The regression output provided some measures which allow assessment of the hypotheses. Following from the hypotheses, Brand Engagement was used as the dependent variable while the independent variables consisted of Monetary Savings, Exploration, Entertainment, Recognition, and Social Benefit. Results from the model assessment are presented in the Table VI. Insert table VI Results from the model assessment indicate strong and significant reliabilities among the constructs used in the study (F = 87.362, Prob.F-stats 0.001). This was followed by Exploration (ÃŽ ² = 0.102, t = 2.271, P = 0.024 0.05), as well as Entertainment (ÃŽ ² = 0.081, t = 1.712, P = 0.068 0.10). Although Recognition was positively related to Brand Engagement, it was not statistically significant (ÃŽ ² = 0.051, t = 1.084, P = 0.279 0.05). It was however discovered that Monetary savings was inversely related to Brand Engagement (ÃŽ ² = -.009, t = -0.194) as well as statistically not significant in the current study (P = 0.846 0.05). In consequence, hypotheses one and four (H1 and H4) were rejected in our studyShow MoreRelatedSmoothing Dat The Estition Of Variance In Data890 Words   |  4 PagesESTIMATION OF VARIANCE IN HETEROSCEDASTIC DATA Abstract Data which exhibit none constant variance is considered. Smoothing procedures are applied to estimate these none constant variances. In these smoothing methods the problem is to establish how much to smooth. The choice of the smoother and the choice of the bandwidth are explored. 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The American Recovery And Revitalization Act Of 2009

The American Recovery and Revitalization Act of 2009 brought meaningful use of patient records to help increase the improvement of patient care. With certified electronic health record technology, one goal is to improve quality, safety, efficiency, and to decrease health discrepancies. Some more goals are to get patient and family engaged in their care, continue to improve care coordination, and maintain privacy and security of patient health information. In order to achieve these goals, healthcare facilities must continue to stress the importance of patient engagement and to use the patient portal for healthcare information (â€Å"Meaningful Use Definition,† n.d.). Patient engagement is defined as a person’s continued participation in dealing†¦show more content†¦Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, also known as HIPAA, became an act in 1996 by the United States. The act specifies guidelines for the protection and circulation of individually he althcare information. It establishes regulated procedures for electronic data interchange, security, and confidentiality of all healthcare-related data. It is designed to protect individuals from an improper distribution of medical information. The act states what can and cannot be shared without permission and what individual medical records can be accessed by the individual. The act specifies possibilities for reparation and penalties for those who violate the act. HIPAA lessens uncertainty as to what is and what is not a privilege when obtaining individual information. The HIPAA privacy rule applies to all written, oral, or electronic patient information. The security rule covers electronic security and requirements for those receiving protected information. This also helps prevent breaches of information. When individual patients want to access their own medical records and insert corrections if needed, they rely on HIPAA for the right to do so. They are reassured that any of t heir information will only be shared with those who have a justifiable need to see it or have been given consent by the patient (Magee, n.d.). I believe HIPAA will continue

Native son essay Free Essays

Native son essay Native Son is a book written by Richard Wright which takes place in the asses. The main character in the book is named Bigger Thomas. Bigger Thomas is a young black man living with his family in a small rat infested apartment in a world controlled by white people. We will write a custom essay sample on Native son essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Bigger becomes employed as a driver by a rich white family, and after being made extremely uncomfortable and upset, he kills the daughter of the family. He is then forced to run from the police and has to kill his partner, Bessie. Bigger is caught and prosecuted by the police and experiences extreme racial prejudice urine his trial and is sentenced to death. During both his everyday life, and his trial, bigger is the victim of extreme racism. At the very beginning of the book, a large black rat is running around the Thomas family’s apartment. Bagger’s sister, Vera, is running around screaming while Bigger and his brother corner it and kill it. This foreshadows the Bagger’s later flight from the police. Bigger is running and running, but he is helpless to defend himself against the greater force that is the white people. He ends up cornered, captured, and eventually killed, Just like the rat. This seems to be a representation of Bagger’s entire life. After killing the rat, Bigger holds it up and scares his sister with it. Bagger’s dangling of the rat to scare his sister is similar to the media and court making an example of bigger. Richard Wright makes it seem like Bagger’s life is like a prison even before he is arrested. Atone point bigger says â€Å"Goddamned, look! We live here and they live there. We black and they white. They got things and we anti. They do things and we can’t. It’s Just like living’ in Wright) His entire life is dictated by white people, so he has basically no freedom. The crowded, rat-infested apartment he lives in is worse than a prison cell. While presenting his case to the court, Max even says that life in prison would be an upgrade for bigger because his living conditions were so poor. The results of Bagger’s trial were greatly affected by the fact that the Judge, jurors, and all of the rest of the court was made up of white people. Their racist views made his trial extremely unfair. During the trial, Max says â€Å"He is a black criminal, and as such he comes into this court under a handicap, notwithstanding our pretentious that are all equal before the law. â€Å"(Richard Wright 382) The trial seemed to take place only to satisfy the law rather than to really give Bigger a chance. In addition to this, the media made Bigger out to be a terrible monster and branded him guilty even before the trial. This media portrayal made the public hate Bigger even more until there was always an angry mob waiting to kill Bigger if he wasn’t sentenced to death by the court. Throughout the book, Bigger Thomas is ostracizes by the press. Even before he killed Mary Dalton, his life was like a prison. Bigger is always afraid of the white force that controls his life. During both his everyday life, and his trial, bigger is the victim of extreme racism and that ends up being the reason he dies. How to cite Native son essay, Essays

Revitalizing dell free essay sample

Dell Computer Corporation was founded in 1984 by Michael Dell. From the early 1990s until the mid-2000s, Dell was ranked as a PC market leader relying on their distinctive marketing pattern â€Å"Direct Model† which undertook direct communication with customers and provided customized products. Recently, the PC industry is facing inconceivable worldwide competition, and Dell is gradually losing their competitive advantages by using its direct model in critical business segments. The company is facing shrinkage of growth, increasing competition, declining quality of customer service, and limitation of expansion. These issues have an enormous impact on Dell’s position as a technological giant in the PC industry. Problem Definition Generally, in order to consolidate its top market position, Dell Computer Corporation has to keep its competitive advantage and figure out the issues which come from the internal and external environment. First, as globalization continues to develop, it is bringing both opportunities and threats to companies worldwide. We will write a custom essay sample on Revitalizing dell or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The PC market is experiencing constant renewal and replacement and this results in the reducing of differentiation and the increase in price wars among competitors. In the early 1990, Dell was positioned as â€Å"focused differentiation† in the PC market and attracted a lot of customers by using their superior customer service. However, Dell’s competitive differentiation from its competitors, which is based on its â€Å"customized product†, is not its core competence anymore in 2007 since Dell’s remarkable direct model has been imitated by other companies. Second, although the PC market is a highly competitive and rivalrous market, the profitability is still attracting the attention of companies to squeeze into this market. Therefore, Dell is facing the challenging threat of new entries into the market. Additionally, due to the diversified products, customers have more options on computer brands, styles, and functions in the current market. This also forces Dell’s position to move from supplier power towards buyer power. In brief, when an industry is growing, more rivalry is likely to enter the market. Third, internal erroneous decisions will negatively impact Dell’s long-term operations as well. In 2001, Dell decided to move its support center to India, and this directly resulted in a declining perception of the company’s customer service. Although the company is providing its â€Å"superior customized product†, the quality of customer service is another key element for keeping customer loyalty. Finally, the traditional direct model strategy is not appropriate in the current PC market. The direct model mainly focuses on operational efficiency and organizational restrictions on individual customers, but this limits the company to step into new business segments for long-term operation. This model has restricted Dell from gaining market share in the â€Å"single consumer† segment, and has resulted in an inability to offer more customized products to diverse customer segments. Furthermore, globalization is creating additional opportunities for the PC market. The United States is Dell’s primary market and yet the company is competing in the global computer market. Therefore, Dell will need to consider expanding its market globally in order to develop its differentiation advantage outside of the U. S. Diagnosis Dell’s accomplishments through the mid-2000s caused its rivals to take notice and action. IBM and Lenovo launched a direct distributive initiative and created the Authorized Assembly Program which improved their inventory turnover rate. Compaq also optimized its distribution model by building orders only after they were received which declined their inventory holding. HP began selling PCs directly to business customers online and initiated a toolkit to increase consulting and sales training. Gateway focused on individual customers rather than large corporations. Acer eventually bought Gateway and differentiated itself as â€Å"100% indirect† company that specialized in producing inexpensive notebooks. Dell positioned itself as a successful differentiator; however, its competitive differentiation is no longer an advantage for it due to the ease of their Direct Model imitation. Home and corporate users dominate the five categories of buyers on PC consumption. There are large amounts of these buyers in the market that are price sensitive and have low switching costs on their products which raises overall buyers’ power. However, in the case of Dell, many customers became frustrated with Dell. For example, Dell’s call centers received manyf discouraged clients’ comments. One reason: many service representatives were trained to solve only one category of a problem, so almost 45% of calls had to be transferred from the agent who answered the call to someone with the knowledge needed to help the customer. Richard L. Hunter, who was brought in to improve Dell’s customer service, called the situation â€Å"terrible†, explaining that it was comparable to â€Å"delivering materials to the wrong factory 45 percent of the time. † Worse, to slow the tide of calls from customers, Dell tried removing its toll-free service number from its website. Customers’ reactions showed up in Dell’s declining market share and slumping customer satisfaction ratings (Certo, 2013). Moreover, when Dell went on to expand its tech support outsourcing with other call centres in India, customers began complaining. Consequently, Dell stopped being perceived as an American role model (Munarriz, 2012). Overall, in recent years, Dell has started to experience problems with its direct sales model and has steadily been losing ground to HP, who now occupies the number one spot in the PC sales market. Analysts had felt that the innovative sales model developed by Dell had made it the industry favourite and also a high indicator of good sales growth. However, industry insiders have now observed that those upbeat days appeared to be over for Dell as the companys profits and share prices had dropped considerably. The diagnosis, then, is that Dell’s traditional direct model is failing because the market, the competitors and the consumers have changed and yet Dell still uses the same model which Michael Dell invented in the early 1990s. Cause-Effect Analysis As companies such as Compaq, HP, Lenovo and Acer imitated Dell’s direct model for sales of their PCs, this quickly began to cut away at Dell’s competitive advantage. Dell’s direct model brought in large profits for the company and gave them â€Å"the title of worlds biggest computer maker† (Sorensen, 2013). However with the other computer makers vying for the top spot in the competitive PC manufacturing space, the direct model â€Å"spawned a host of imitators—several who proved to be better equipped to take advantage of the business model Dell thought it had perfected. †(Sorensen, 2013) The adoption by other PC makers of cutting out the wholesaler and selling directly to the consumer caused Dell to â€Å"relinquish the title of world’s biggest computer maker to HP in 2006. † (Sorensen, 2013) In the below graph representing more recent years of the top 5 PC makers shows that Lenovo has also now surpassed Dell in market share. (Peitsch, 2012)

Blog Writing on Bani Bani Bani Re Bani

Question: Blog writing on Bani Bani Bani Re Bani from Main Prem Ki Diwani Hoon. Answer: Bani Bani song is taken from Main Prem Ki Diwani Hoon. This song is a dance performance by Kareena Kapoor. Chitra, the singer of Bani Bani voice was high-pitched as ever. Her dandiyal or tribal tune happens as courtesy of her effervescence. Bani Bani is the most passionate song of the year. Music of main prem ki Diwani hoon is beautiful song and new feel in the particular song. Anu Malik proves as genius musician for the movie ("Bani Bani - Main Prem Ki Diwani Hoon _ HD"). Kareena Kapoor is delight to watch in this song. She is wearing red legenga dress in the song and dances in every beat of the song. Kareena Kapoor was remarkable throughout the film. Main Prem Ki Diwani Hoon is worth successor of one of the Sooraj R Barjatya previous hits. Bani Bani is one good picturised song. This is a peppy Bollywood Song that is sung by Chitra released in the year 2003. It is from Rajshri Productions starring Kareena Kapoor, Hrithik Roshan and Abhishek Bachchan. This song was beautifully choreo graphed and Kareena Kapoor provides justice in following the steps in nice way. As far as review is concerned, it has diverse opinion from viewers who have watched the movie. Some feels Sooraj; the Director had successfully won heart of audience the fourth time. Some felt that the movie was worst movie in Bollywood. According to few viewers, the song could have been made better with much better steps. I feel that Kareena Kapoor has the potential in giving more edge to the dancing steps of Bani Bani. She has done justice in following the steps of the choreographer and putting her best to entertain her fans and audience. I felt this was one of the best songs from Main Prem Ki Diwani Hoon. This dance was performed by Sanjana (Kareena Kapoor) at one of her college fest. She was happy and refrained in the song with bit of sadness as Prem (Hrithik) was not present in the show for watching it. As Kareena was in love with Prem, she was imagining him in each of the steps and becoming happy by his presence. However, in actual, Prem (Abhishek Bachchan) was watching Sanjana dance and enjoying her beautiful presence on stage. Abhishek Bachchan visualizes his life with Sanjana and gets mesmerized by her dancing skills and expression. He was constantly staring at Kareenas performance without blinking his eyes for a second. Sanjanas dad was frustrated of the fact that her daughter was imagining Hrithik as her life partner, which is not the real motive of her mother. On the other hand, her mother was happy, as Sanjana will get married to rich businessperson like her elder sister. There was great confusion in the mo vie that was revealed at the end with a happy ending. This song was set with vibrant colours and ravishing background. It gave the feel of that bollywood magical- romantic song which every happy go lucky girl would love to hum and dance. Reference List "Bani Bani - Main Prem Ki Diwani Hoon _ HD".YouTube. N.p., 2016. Web. 13 June 2016.

The Ironies of Social Standards in Sister Carrie Essay Example For Students

The Ironies of Social Standards in Sister Carrie Essay To this day, Sister Carrie remains one of the most controversial novels of its time. The remarkably realistic characters and contentious situations created by Theodore Dreiser illustrate the double standards within a growing American society at the turn of the twentieth century. Naturalism plays a large part in the development of each character and their pathetic inability to evade their trivial fates Theodore. The perverse fascination and distaste surrounding this incapability mirrors a societys hypocrisy of its own social standards. For his first novel, Dreiser opted to paint a realistic portrait of America for what it really was- materialistic Gerber 52. The money ideal would be exposed as the great motivating purpose of life in the United States: ones relative affluence at any level of society determining the degree creature comfort one might enjoy, the measure of prestige one might own, and the extent of social power one might command Gerber 52-53. Sister Carrie completely reiterates Americas obsession with money because there is not one character whose own status symbol isnt determined economically Gerber 53. We will write a custom essay on The Ironies of Social Standards in Sister Carrie specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now At the end of the Civil War, big business boomed and there was now a preoccupation with conspicuous consumption Ward. Capitalism roared and consumers began to see each other for what they thought they really were: money. Dreiser first describes his Caroline Meeber not by her opinions or actions, but by what she owns: a small trunk, a cheap imitation alligator-skin satchel, and a small yellow snap purse Dreiser Sister 3. Although Carrie cannot afford a real alligator-skin satchel, she owns an imitation so that she appears to be something she is not Ward. False appearances are a reiterated theme throughout Sister Carrie. Schafer 2 Upon entering Chicago and meeting Drouet, the reader becomes attentive to Carries fascination with the upper class. In addition to representing consumerism, Carrie also serves as a symbol of the American middle class. Carrie is `ambitious to gain material things Ward. Entering a department store to find a job, Carrie leaves with an unsatisfied desire to own things that she cannot. Carrie sees how much the city has to offer her. She longs for the luxury and wealth of the other shop dwellers Balling 23. All of the fancy items tempt Carrie although she cannot manage to pay for any of them; thus a capitalist economy manipulates the desire of the consumer without ever completely satisfying it Ward. This unfulfilled yearning compels the consumer to work long hours just to struggle to buy more items Ward. With each purchase, the need for material things grows while never completely satisfying the consumer. Carries dream of satisfaction is hastily broken when she realizes she must work in an unpleasant job to get what she wants. In Sister Carrie, money is a main objective at the beginning of many relationships. Carries fascination in Drouet is instigated by his money. Handing her the money gives him the opportunity to touch her hand, the first step of physical intimacy with her Ward.  In a society in which wealth is associated with individual merit, Drouet begins to stir up yet another person into materialism. Through this, he can conduct his life on a splendid basis because Carrie looks to him with desire Balling 25. A world of possibilities is opened to Carrie through Drouet. She has now become an insider to the world of prosperity, excitement, and satisfaction Balling 29. Schafer 3 In meeting Hurstwood, Carrie can only look further upward. He is the symbol of the enlightened, capitalist man Ward. His life with Julia is one greater than Drouets. Unlike Hurstwood, Drouet is awkward and imitative in his dress and actions. This flashy lifestyle screams that he is performing a role Ward. Hurstwood spends just as noticeably, but he does it with a great deal of taste. Overall, while Hurstwood looks like the legitimate article, Drouet just comes off as a fake Ward. Carrie soon takes notice. Although they live a far more affluent lifestyle than Drouet and Carrie, Hurstwoods family is not satisfied. As Carrie craves nice clothing and trinkets, Julia and Jessica are saddened that they cannot afford a European summer vacation Ward. Again, the reader is introduced to the reoccurring theme of the compelling influence behind consumer society: unfulfilled desire Ward. .u63ce4743558b3809bb8eb5d72cf2326f , .u63ce4743558b3809bb8eb5d72cf2326f .postImageUrl , .u63ce4743558b3809bb8eb5d72cf2326f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u63ce4743558b3809bb8eb5d72cf2326f , .u63ce4743558b3809bb8eb5d72cf2326f:hover , .u63ce4743558b3809bb8eb5d72cf2326f:visited , .u63ce4743558b3809bb8eb5d72cf2326f:active { border:0!important; } .u63ce4743558b3809bb8eb5d72cf2326f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u63ce4743558b3809bb8eb5d72cf2326f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u63ce4743558b3809bb8eb5d72cf2326f:active , .u63ce4743558b3809bb8eb5d72cf2326f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u63ce4743558b3809bb8eb5d72cf2326f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u63ce4743558b3809bb8eb5d72cf2326f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u63ce4743558b3809bb8eb5d72cf2326f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u63ce4743558b3809bb8eb5d72cf2326f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u63ce4743558b3809bb8eb5d72cf2326f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u63ce4743558b3809bb8eb5d72cf2326f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u63ce4743558b3809bb8eb5d72cf2326f .u63ce4743558b3809bb8eb5d72cf2326f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u63ce4743558b3809bb8eb5d72cf2326f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Charles Dickens greatest novel EssayAfter Hurstwood and Carries affair and escape to New York, Hurstwood soon finds himself having to think carefully about small disbursements like rent and cab fare. Although he has sufficient money to invest in new businesses, he turns down many prospects because they are too low-class for him Ward. Not only is his money very important to him now, but so is his respectability. Having to live so frugally as he searches for a job humiliates him Balling 61. The importance of Hurstwoods reputation to himself underscores the materialism in America. Being who you are to yourself is not as important as being someone to others Gerber 60-61. Once Carrie meets Mrs. Vance, she reenters the world of conspicuous consumption Ward. As soon as she finds someone wealthier than she, Carrie again becomes displeased with her life. It seems as if Carrie then sets new goals for herself as she is exposed to new socio-economic levels Ward. Hurstwoods decline pushes Carrie further away from him. Mrs. Vances decision to cut off her connection with Carrie because of Hurstwoods appearance exposes the dehumanizing nature of consumer society Ward. While Hurstwood gradually sinks toward deprivation and suicide, Carrie once again moves foreword and appears on stage Thorp 472. Carries constant drag to something better was not to be denied Thorp 472. Her choice to leave him is almost completely motivated by finances, as was her decision to marry him Ward. The richer Carrie gets, again, the farther up she looks. Despite hardly knowing what to do with all of her money, however, she still suffers from unsatisfied desires Ward. Carries newfound theatrical success does not bring her happiness as she expected, just more urges. Although she has  now gained an identity that is independent of Hurstwoods and Drouets desire for her, she is still dependent on the desire of the public Ward. Even after Carrie has come so far, she still looks towards others opinions of her to make her happy. By the end of the novel, Carrie is still dissatisfied. She still experiences the unceasing discontent that is the major force behind consumerism Ward. A consumer-based society can only survive if there is always something more to want. With eyes so fixed on mountaintops yet to be attained, they never stop to wonder this way madness lies Gerber 53. As Carrie reaches the top, she and the reader no longer know what she desires. The brutal forces governing life dictate that any achievement permitted a human creature be diluted by dissatisfaction Gerber 56. At this time in America life had much to do with `chemisms and `magnetisms; it was dominated by invincible material forces; and of these the drives for power, money, and sex were primary Gerber. Sex and the relationships between men and women were solely based on finances, just as were Carries relationships with Drouet and Hurstwood. Even Dreiser himself expects Carrie to do nothing more than rely on a man. When a girl leaves her home at eighteen, she does one of two things. Either she falls into saving hands and becomes better, or she rapidly assumes the cosmopolitan standard of virtue and becomes worse Dreiser Sister 3. This statement also implies that Carrie or women in general uses seduction to get what she wants Thorp 472. Dreiser makes of her a symbolic figure who must sacrifice a certain amount of innocence in order to make progress of any kind. Thus Carries dream is the American Dream as well; it is a dream of rich finery, financial success and power Balling 30. When Drouet offers Carrie the twenty dollars, he is essentially buying the prospect for sex Ward. Because she owes him money, she feels tied to return his kindness with the only material object she owns- her body. Exposed of all its trimmings, Drouet and Carries relationship is no more than a form of prostitution. Because Carrie is paid more for her body than she is for her employment, she realizes that a womans most marketable product is sex Ward. .uc5b11c29873868d88a1fcefa2093902e , .uc5b11c29873868d88a1fcefa2093902e .postImageUrl , .uc5b11c29873868d88a1fcefa2093902e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc5b11c29873868d88a1fcefa2093902e , .uc5b11c29873868d88a1fcefa2093902e:hover , .uc5b11c29873868d88a1fcefa2093902e:visited , .uc5b11c29873868d88a1fcefa2093902e:active { border:0!important; } .uc5b11c29873868d88a1fcefa2093902e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc5b11c29873868d88a1fcefa2093902e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc5b11c29873868d88a1fcefa2093902e:active , .uc5b11c29873868d88a1fcefa2093902e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc5b11c29873868d88a1fcefa2093902e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc5b11c29873868d88a1fcefa2093902e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc5b11c29873868d88a1fcefa2093902e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc5b11c29873868d88a1fcefa2093902e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc5b11c29873868d88a1fcefa2093902e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc5b11c29873868d88a1fcefa2093902e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc5b11c29873868d88a1fcefa2093902e .uc5b11c29873868d88a1fcefa2093902e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc5b11c29873868d88a1fcefa2093902e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: AP by John Updike EssayWhile Carrie illustrates the life of a modern single woman, Julia demonstrates the typical, unhappy married women. Hurstwood attributes his wife as an ornament of his success by regarding her as one of his possessions Ward. Again the marriage serves as a contract to declare her job as a wife: to give Hurstwood sex in exchange for his money Ward. The pragmatic morality and hypocrisy of a males role in a marriage is apparent through Hurstwoods actions. While he keeps a close eye on Julia and all of her interactions, he does not condemn mens extramarital affairs; he only approves if they are carried out discreetly Ward. This disjunction between peoples  conduct and the figure they stage is maintained by a web of lies Ward. Paying close attention to Drouet as he compliments other women, Carrie takes note and tries to develop her identity largely based on what he craves. Through this imitation, she becomes simply a manifestation of masculine desire; Carrie substantiates the conventional idea that women are nothing more than role players Ward. Sister Carrie presents womens identity as virtually non-existent: men can be genuine, but women can only try to imitate Ward. Carrie, again, knows no identity without conceding to a man Markels 533. As a reflection of masculine desire, Carrie cannot express any desires of her own- except for her need for conspicuous consumption. Rather than feeling happiness from her own desires, Carrie is pleased only when others desire her Ward. Carries need for attention again upholds the conventional standard that a woman only has social standing when a man desires her Phillips 553. Dreisers approach of retelling life how it really has created a great deal of unexpected controversy. The sum and substance of literary as well as social morality may be expressed in three words- tell the truth Dreiser True 473. This statement made by Dreiser himself was in response to critics against the publication of Sister Carrie. The depiction of a fallen woman in a success story was considered completely immoral Riggio. As Dreiser entered the literary scene in the early 1900s, a conventional style of writing had already been set into tradition. The function of literature was to appeal to mans `higher nature, to inspire him through the depiction of mans capacity to achieve the ethical life to seek such a life for himself Pizer Dreisers. Basically, the didactic method of literature was there to create an ideal society. When Sister Carrie came along, most reviewers held upon the fundamental circumstances of the novel- a young woman has two forbidden sexual affairs without experiencing either material loss or moral degeneration Pizer Dreisers. Also, since God was not mentioned once in the novel, Sister Carrie was considered immediate grounds for dismissal Pizer Dreisers. Such debate surrounding a novel can really only prove one point: it is a story of real life, of their lives Notman 474. All of these situations- materialism, seduction, adultery, bigamy, and theft- were actually occurring in real life Thorp 469. This denial of Americans own lives further reiterates the hypocrisy in a growing capitalist society. In a brief essay entitled True Art Speaks Plainly, Dreiser concluded a true picture of life, honestly and reverentially set down, is both moral and artistic whether it offends the conventions or not Dreiser True 474. Dreisers Sister Carrie deals with the sordid side of everyday life. Although his characters are mixtures of moral and corrupt, unable to assert their will against natural and economic forces, he rarely passes judgment on them Theodore. These extraordinarily convincing individuals and the litigious circumstances created by Theodore Dreiser demonstrate the ironies within an  emergent American culture after the Civil War. Materialism and capitalism in a booming economy, conventional standards of men and womens roles, and the denial of the American public in response to the novel all prove that Sister Carrie was ahead of its time in portraying the authentic and pessimistic view of real existence.

The History of Black Women in the 1950s

The History of Black Women in the 1950s African-American women are an essential part of our collective history. The following is a chronology of events and birthdates for women involved in African-American history, from 1950-1959. 1950 Gwendolyn Brooks became the first African-American to win a Pulitzer Prize (for Annie Allen). Althea Gibson became the first African-American to play at Wimbledon. Juanita Hall became the first African-American to win a Tony Award, for playing Bloody Mary in South Pacific. January 16: Debbie Allen born (choreographer, actor, director, producer). February 2: Natalie Cole born (singer; daughter of Nat King Cole). 1951 July 15: Mary White Ovington died (social worker, reformer, NAACP founder).   Linda Browns father sued the Topeka, Kansas, school board because she had to travel by bus to a school for African-American children when she could walk to the segregated school for white children only.  This would become the  Brown v. Board of Education  landmark civil rights case. 1952 September:  Autherine Juanita Lucy and Pollie Myers applied to the University of Alabama and were accepted. Their acceptances were rescinded when the university discovered they were not white. They took the case to court, and it took three years to resolve the case. 1954 Norma Sklarek became the first African-American woman licensed as an architect. Dorothy Dandridge was the first African-Amerian woman nominated for a Best Actress Oscar, for playing the lead role in Carmen Jones. January 29: Oprah Winfrey born (first African-American woman billionaire, first African-American woman to host a nationally syndicated talk show). September 22: Shari Belafonte-Harper born (actress). May 17: In Brown v. Board of Education, Supreme Court ordered schools to desegregate with all deliberate speed - finds separate but equal public facilities to be unconstitutional. July 24: Mary Church Terrell died (activist, clubwoman). 1955 May 18: Mary McLeod Bethune died. July: Rosa Parks attended a workshop at the Highlander Folk School in Tennessee, learning effective tools for civil rights organizing. August 28: Emmett Till, 14 years old, was killed by a white mob in Mississippi after he was accused of whistling at a white woman. December 1: Rosa Parks was arrested when she refused to give up a seat and move to the rear of the bus, triggering the Montgomery bus boycott. Marian Anderson became the first African-American member of the Metropolitan Opera company. 1956 Mae Jemison born (astronaut, physician). Hundreds of women and men in Montgomery walked for miles to work rather than use the buses as part of the Montgomery Bus Boycott. A court ordered the University of Alabama to admit Autherine Juanita Lucy, who filed a lawsuit in 1952 (see above). She was admitted but was barred from dormitories and dining halls.  She enrolled on February 3 as a graduate student in library science, the first black student admitted to a white public school or university in Alabama. The university expelled her in March, claiming she had slandered the school, after riots broke out and the courts ordered the university to protect her. In 1988, the university annulled the expulsion and she returned to school, earning her M.A. degree in education in 1992. The school even named a clock tower for her, and featured her portrait in the student union honoring her initiative and courage. December 21: The Supreme Court ruled bus segregation in Montgomery, Alabama was unconstitutional. 1957 African-American students, advised by NAACP activist Daisy Bates, desegregated a Little Rock, Arkansas, school under the protection of military troops ordered in by the federal government. April 15: Evelyn Ashford was born (athlete, track and field; four Olympic gold medals, Track and Field Womens Hall of Fame). Althea Gibson became the first African-American tennis player to win at Wimbledon and the first African-American to win the U.S. Open. The Associated Press named Althea Gibson their Woman Athlete of the Year. 1958 August 16: Angela Bassett born (actress). 1959 March 11: Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry became the first Broadway play written by an African-American woman - Sidney Poitier and Claudia McNeil starred. January 12: Motown Records founded in Detroit after Berry Gordy deferred working for Billy Davis and Gordys sisters Gwen and Anna at Anna Records; female stars from Motown included Diane Ross and the Supremes, Gladys Knight, Queen Latifah. December 21: Florence Griffith-Joyner born (athlete, track and field; first African-American to win four medals in one Olympics; sister-in-law of Jackie Joyner-Kersee).

Criminal Justice Systems Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Criminal Justice Systems - Research Paper Example Upon determination of probable cause, the court may conduct search and seizure of specific properties based on alleged proofs or facts indicating that crime indeed happens in specific places (Smith, 2012); b. Arrest done by police authorities of suspected persons for custodial investigation based on probable cause determine by court of jurisdiction to reasonably ascertain the relation of the arrested person to the alleged commission of crimes; (Smith, 2012); c. Conduct of prosecution of a criminal defendant at the district attorney’s office based on evidences and factors in consonance to the gravity and seriousness of crime allegedly committed (Smith, 2012); d. Indictment which is judicially executed by the grand jury upon filing of sufficient information to the office of the prosecutor based on the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedures. Based on the Miranda doctrine, the defendant can choose to have a lawyer of his choice or be afforded by the state for legal representation du ring hearing (Smith, 2012); e. Arraignment by judge before trial to know whether accused enters a plea of guilty or not guilty (Smith, 2012); f. Pre-trial detention and availing of bail (Smith, 2012); g. Plea bargaining between defense lawyer and prosecutor (Smith, 2012); h. Conduct of trial and rendition of decision based on adjudicatory function of the court. Guilt is determined by judge or jury with the participation of prosecutor and defense lawyers. In criminal court, the judge will render conviction based on evidences and determination of guilt beyond reasonable doubt (Smith, 2012); i. The judge convict by rendering its sentence when guilt is determined (Smith, 2012); j. Depending on the result of the trial and the satisfaction of parties involved, an appeal may be filed to appellate court. When the latter reverse decisions, the case will be remanded to lower court for retrial (Smith, 2012); Following the September 9/11 incident, United States broadened the function of the cri minal justice system to make the system as tool of national power for anti-terrorism – inclusive of military intelligence operation (Russo, 2012; Bureau of Justice Assistance, 2000; Cohn, 1978). Authorities believed that this is an effective tool in reducing the capacity of the terrorist group operating within and external of United States. The state has proved that the criminal justice system is good for generating accurate and reliable information to crack the network of terror groups (Russo, 2012; Bureau of Justice Assistance, 2000). 2. Examine the three components of the American Criminal Justice System. Find an issue for each component that you think needs to be addressed to make the system more effective. Devise a solution for each issue and explain your solutions. The three categories of the American Criminal Justice System are federal, state and military (Smith, 2012). Added to these are subcategories which include adult and juvenile cases. Each of these has three maj or components. The first component is law enforcement. This is perceived as the most important part because this cover enforcement of laws and application of investigations and arrest of persons who are culpable under the laws of the state, the federal and the military (Smith, 2012). Law enforcements include filing of charges and putting the convict under reformation to change its behaviour before it’

Lightning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lightning - Essay Example To begin with, lightning contains a massive amount of energy. If it strikes a tree or a house it can destroy it due to the massive transfer of heat. Lightning can heat the air around it to almost 20,000 degrees Celsius which is about three times the temperature of the sun. So much energy travels so quickly in a lightning strike that it creates a supersonic wave which normal people call thunder. Because light travels faster than the speed of sound you usually see the lightning before you hear the thunder on a stormy day.1 It is often said that electricity was discovered by Benjamin Franklin when he went to go fly a kite in a big storm. It is true that the idea of harnessing the power of electricity came to him at that time, though others had carried out similar observations and experiments in the past.2 Even though this helped our understanding of static electricity, not a lot of new information has been learnt about lightning in recent years, how to harness it or use it for human purposes. This is unfortunate. Because of global warming we need new ideas about how to generate energy without harming the environment. If scientists can learn more, we may be able to use lightning to save the planet. Rakov, Vladimir A. Lightning: Physics and Effects. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

Gender Issues in the Workplace

Gender Issues in the Workplace Introduction This paper seeks to define what is meant by gender issues in the workplace in relation to underlying tensions, indirect prejudice and unfair practices which often are perceived but continue without full recognition or sufficient direct management of the problem. It proposes to question pre conceived notions of success based on qualities such as ability and skill and rather seeks to uncover the more tacit business environment; known but never fully appreciated in relation to career advancement and company progression. A number of conflicting theories proposed by both feminist scholars and male business analysts exist on this subject which makes it both a complicated and contentious discussion. It is also one that can justify the way in which workplace failings and successes can be interpreted from a number of angles where gender bias is concerned; politically, psychologically, socially and academically. Typically gender inequality is a much deeper perception involving social hierarchys and preconceived notions of what men and women are capable of in terms of leadership and management. It is important to distinguish what is traditionally meant by advantage and disadvantage in an organizational setting and in the context of gender. Some examples might include; an employer may not hire, promote or wrongfully terminate an employee based on his or her gender, or that an employers pay is unequally based on gender, some employers show discrimination towards pregnant female workers, female employees are passed over for promotion in favour of more junior, less-qualified male co-workers. (Sahu, 2009) However looking at discrimination in its broader sense there is a widely held argument that as white and male it is easy to become invisible in society; to go unacknowledged and unrecognized, but once visible as a consequence of being labeled as say black, homosexual, a woman†¦individuals ca n adopt a greater empowerment just by being different (Robinson, 2000, Phelan, 2008, Haraway, 1999) In 1994 a popular American journal, Business Week published an article which stipulated; White, male and worried: White men still dominate corporate America. But in companies with aggressive diversity programs they are beginning to feel angry and resentful. What should companies do? (Burke and Black, 1997: 933-942) From such theorizing it is possible to engage with the notion that perhaps by being ‘invisible this can perpetuate both political and social exclusion. World Modern History since the 1960s has witnessed the rise of Civil Rights, womens liberation, gay liberation and a more growing acceptance of diversity has resulted in the decentralization of the white male (Robinson,2000 :2) and a culmination of all these things could be attributed to a crisis in masculinity of sorts. In contrast Virginia Schein et al propose that men and women do not lead or manage any differently in the work environment, but that they are perceived in different ways and that effectiveness as a male in a leadership role is something which is automatically attributed to them. Whereas women who exhibit the same behaviours as men are not judged as being as authoritative or having the same skills, because this is what we traditionally perceive inherently about men and women. (Sinclair, 2005:25) And just as peopl e can make themselves invisible in the work environment, so too can they make themselves visible. Being ‘visible represents a tangible ‘surface state, one in which someone can be seen to be visibly being excluded or different. At a deeper more conceptual level then there is a power to become ‘invisible, often as a consequence of trying to attain the male norm. (Simpson and Lewis, 2005:1253-1275) Caution however must be exacted when considering these theories which could also be used as a means to essentially make excuses for racist or prejudice practices in the workplace. (Pierce, 2003:53-70) Other theorists of invisibility consider this to be a covert way of preventing either women or black co-workers to progress. That the ‘backlash felt by white male men is actually a means to subjugate ‘minorities in the work place even further. Scholars such as Nicholson conform to theories such as the Patriarchal culture which is instilled in men and women through a process of socialization from a very early age. For example that men are better than women in sport, or that men make better surgeons etc. (Nicolson, 1996:108) There is a definite counter-argument where some previous traditional theories of invisibility have evolved. For example some research determines that men have become to think of themselves as being without gender, largely because they are oblivious to, or choose to ignore that invisibility generates inequality. Thus the invisibility of gender experienced by men generates the inequalities that are constrained by gender. That essentially many men are in possession; for whatever reason, of a number of structural privileges and power within the organizations that they work in and that by confronting their participation in maintaining inequality between themselves and women, that they should take responsibility for liberating themselves rather than blaming their problems on women. (McKay, 1997:11) Many men continue to disregard the notion of male privilege creating an invisibility of the problem itself. The more this invisibility is encouraged the more gender problems will continue to esc alate. (Johnson, 2005:157) Basically there is a strong argument to suggest the very fact that men in the workplace are perpetuating patriarchy and gender inequality, is because they are in denial of it and therefore the problem itself becomes invisible. Issues remain across all ‘minority workplace discriminations. Barriers continue to exist despite western laws on equal opportunities and fair working practices. Essentially there should be no barriers to succeeding. And yet for black, disabled, gay, women or other traditionally marginalized workers there continues to be a significant problem where acquiring progressive job positions exists, indicating that there are a number of unseen issues and opinions being made below the surface and continue to remain invisible. (Hesse-Biber and Carter, 2005:75-78) A recent research study of female engineers in the work environment was conducted in an attempt to illuminate this complex ‘in/visibility paradox. The women engineers could be seen to be at once both ‘visible as women but ‘invisible as engineers. This contradiction then adds yet another element to the discussion, but also helps to explain why it is difficult to retain women in engineering roles. Their ‘invisibility as engineers can be attributed to the fact that they require considerable effort to be taken seriously in this particular job, thus undermining their overall confidence. As ‘visible women they face enormous contradictory pressures to ‘become one of the lads, whilst maintaining their femininity and these in/visibility dynamics get taken for granted at the same time as building a cumulative and problematic outcome, not least because they are subtle and taken for granted. (Faulkner, 2009:169-189) Similarly another recent relevant journal article relays the findings of a small-scale project which involved a study of men who moved over into what has traditionally been considered ‘womens work. One immediate outcome apparent in all ten men was experiencing the challenges of feeling emasculated and having their masculinity queried in a number of ways and in a variety of situations. The way in which the men managed these challenges is particularly interesting as they all attempted to maintain their masculinity and their traditional persona associated with masculinity by distancing themselves from their female co-workers. (Cross and Bagilhole, 2002:204-226) Thus potentially making themselves ‘invisible to the situation. This provides some further interesting light on the notion of visibility and invisibility in organizational structures. That men resolutely continue to re-enforce their gender and identity regardless of whether it is challenged or not, but in such a way that they make themselves invisible in the process. Might this then suggest that men will go to any lengths to maintain their dominant gender, even when they are performing those roles traditionally considered ‘womens work? Whilst it may also represent juxtaposition for the behaviour of women, often criticized in the work place for their defensiveness or ruthless behaviour. Perhaps women in turn are masking their femininity in a bid to be taken seriously or remain ‘invisible as they feel threatened by the challenges men pose. Conclusion What can be concluded from this complicated analysis is that it still remains difficult to determine whether invisibility exists, or whether it is a means of simply not seeing or acknowledging gender differentiation. Are male workers unaware of the fact that they are inherently patriarchal, or is it women who continue to see them in this way as they traditionally remain challenged and psychologically subjugated by their male co-workers? This might then suggest that there is no real suppression of gender taking place in organizations, but rather most women and men are defensive about their jobs and careers. This is a highly problematic area that continues to demand further research and a ‘rethinking of gender stereotypes for both management and workers generally. (Mavin et al, 2004:293-303) What is apparent from this study is the degree with which both men and women ‘play out their insecurities whilst both hiding and exposing elements of visibility and invisibility depending on the circumstances. Invisibility, as has also been outlined in this document poses a much wider conceptual problem. The problem of barriers that exist not just with individuals but with whole organizations, those that choose to promote the types of people they consider suitable to the organization itself and therefore creating their own invisible discriminatory practices. A complex system of psychological interactions can impact on the way in which people generally make themselves visible or invisible within an organization. There are many contributing factors, some of which have been explored throughout this document and many of which require considerable future research. It is clear that gender based priviledge exists. This is a reality in terms of the statistics which reflect the number of men in positions of power in contrast with the often lower salaried lesser roles adopted by women. But as to whether who is putting who at a disadvantage may be dependent on a whole series of contributory factors such as the culture and size of the organization itself, the way in which the individuals working in that organisation have been socialized and what values and expectations they have been encouraged to appreciate from birth. Bibliography Burke, R, J, Black, S (1997) Save the Males: Backlash in Organisations, Journal of Business Ethics, Volume 16 Cross, S. and Bagilhole, B. (2002) Girls Jobs for the Boys? Men, Masculinity and Non-Traditional Occupations, Gender Work and Organization, Volume 9, Issue 2 Faulkner (2009) Doing gender in engineering workplace cultures. II. Gender in/authority and the in/visibility paradox, Engineering Studies, Volume 1, Issue 3 Haraway, D (1999) Gender, Race and nature in the World of Modern science: Routledge and Kegan Paul Hesse-Biber, S, N, Carter, G, L (2005) Working Women in America: Oxford University Press. 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